What is a disclosure exception related to client information?

The correct answer is based on the principles of confidentiality and informed consent that guide the relationship between a counselor and a client. A disclosure exception related to client information typically arises when there is written consent from the client. Providing written consent ensures that the client is fully aware of what information will be disclosed, to whom, and for what purpose. This aligns with ethical standards and legal requirements, ensuring that the client's autonomy and rights are respected.

Written consent is a formal way to document that a client agrees to the sharing of their information, which is especially important in maintaining trust in the counseling relationship. It also protects both the client and the counselor legally, as it serves as proof that the client has authorized the release of specific information.

Other options do not provide the same level of protection or formality as written consent. Oral consent, while sometimes acceptable in certain situations, lacks the documentation necessary for establishing a clear and binding agreement. Having the client present does not necessarily equate to consent, and relying solely on a counselor's judgment to deem when disclosure is necessary could lead to breaches of confidentiality, which are not in line with ethical standards.